Stage iii: shortness of breath on mild strain ...

In-Depth from Adam appropriate medications for COPD depend on the stage of severity, as defined symptoms. Global Initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD) proposed a strategy that is widely recognized. GOLD categories of COPD severity as follows:

Phase I: smoker's cough, little or no wheezing, no clinical signs of COPD, FEV1 greater than 80% of properly. Stage II: shortness of breath on exertion, cough sputum production, some clinical signs of COPD, FEV1 50 - 80% of the good. Stage III: Shortness of breath on mild pressure, FEV1 30 - 50% of the good. Stage IV: Shortness of breath on mild pressure, right heart failure, cyanosis, FEV1 less than 30% of the good. Gold treatment strategy additives, which means that drugs will be added, not subtracted, and the disease progresses. Treatment includes:

Patients with Gold stage I - IV: Treatment of inhaled anticholinergic and inhaled short-acting beta 2-agonists. Patients with the Golden Phase II - IV: addition of inhaled long-acting bronchodilator in place of short-acting beta 2-agonists. Combining bronchodilators may be used. In patients who do not respond to bronchodilators, slow-release theophylline can be used. Patients with Gold stage III - IV: Regular use of inhaled corticosteroids for those with repeated exacerbations. Systemic corticosteroids for severe exacerbations. Patients with the Golden Stage IV: Long-term oxygen therapy, consideration of surgical techniques. American College of Physicians published revised guidelines for the treatment of COPD, including:

In patients with COPD, reserve treatment for those who have respiratory symptoms and FEV1 less than 60% of the good. Patients with symptoms and FEV1 less than 60% of appropriate, should be treated with long acting inhaled beta-agonists long-acting inhaled anticholinergic or inhaled corticosteroids. A combination of inhalation therapy can be used in these patients. Patients with COPD and the rest of hypoxia should be treated with oxygen therapy. Patients with symptoms and FEV1 less than 50% of the good should consider pulmonary rehabilitation. Quitting smoking. Quitting smoking is the first and most important step in treating COPD and slowing its development. Quitting smoking reduces the symptoms of breathlessness and cough, and risk of fatal and nonfatal heart disease, probably by reducing inflammation. Diets. Good nutrition is always important. Dietary issues become critical in late COPD, when breathing is obstructed. Many patients with COPD lose muscle tone and body weight, and it seems zachahnuty. This may be due to the very effort to breathe rapidly consumes calories. Some patients are difficult to stop the effort of breathing long enough to chew. Dietitian can be extremely useful in finding the right products and design meal plans to help COPD patients to be healthy. There is no convincing evidence in favor of the use of food additives in patients with COPD. This can help avoid sausages, which studies show can increase the risk of developing COPD. Extra oxygen. Supplemental oxygen therapy is an important component of COPD. It can:

All these factors influence, along with easy to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. There is some evidence that additional oxygen can also reduce heart problems such as heart rhythm in patients with COPD. Long-term oxygen therapy given continuously through the nose, as shown, continue to exist in as much as 30%. Blending oxygen with nitrogen (helyoks) showed that more effectively than additional oxygen only in improving endurance and exercise capacity. Pulmonary rehabilitation. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a proven method of dismissal difficulty breathing (dyspnea), reduced hospitalizations and disability resulting from COPD and improve mental and lasix heart rate physical quality of life, although there is no evidence that it improves survival. Treatment is recommended for patients with stable chronic lung disease that significantly affect respiratory symptoms. Many hospitals offer these programs led by a team of specialists in health. Pulmonary rehabilitation is designed for individual patients, but usually include:

Programs usually last 6 - 12 weeks, but appears more programs to ensure more sustainable benefits. Program service may slightly improve the long-term results. Exercise. Exercise is very important to maintain strength and endurance, both of which strongly depends on COPD. Weight bearing exercises are important to maintain the quality of life and ability to live independently. For greater benefits, programs must be combined with low and high intensity exercise power and endurance. The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIPPV) during exercise provides small, very short-term benefits. Receiving supplemental oxygen during rehabilitation exercises can improve the endurance of patients. There is no evidence that training muscles inhalation is effective in pulmonary rehabilitation. Surgery. When the patient does not respond to medication, surgery becomes a possible option. Selection includes:

The goal of treatment of COPD, in addition to relief of symptoms is to prevent exacerbations. Each exacerbation causes lung function decline. Bringing lung function to its pre-exacerbation state can take 6 months. When exacerbations often lung function may never return to normal, and the patient's condition spirals downhill. Recent studies have shown that levels of markers of inflammation in the body rise dramatically during exacerbations and in proportion to the severity of exacerbation. This may mean that the aggravation associated with inflammation in the body, not just in the lungs themselves. Measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, which is used to confirm exacerbations, predict their severity and helps determine the prognosis. Aggravation usually caused by bacterial or viral infections or air pollution. The reason never mentioned in 1/3 of patients. Oxygen. Supplemental oxygen with controlled oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure. Bronchi. Inhaled anticholinergics or short-acting beta 2-agonists may be used. Theophylline is not recommended because it provides very little benefit and carries a risk of serious side effects. Corticosteroids. This can be provided by or through a vein (intravenously) or orally (per os) for up to 2 weeks. This treatment is only possible when patients did not receive long-term oral corticosteroids. Antibiotics. They can be used if signs of infection such as fever or yellow or green phlegm. .